10-1

The Blessed Lord said: Again, O mighty warrior (Arjuna), listen to My supreme words. I will speak them to you because you are My beloved, and I desire your well-being.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna addresses Arjuna with special favor to continue giving him the highest spiritual knowledge, and He does so for Arjuna's well-being.

10-2

Neither the hosts of gods nor the great sages know My origin and power, for in every way I am the source of all the gods and sages.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains His Divine nature, indicating that He is the beginning of everything – even the gods and great sages. None of them understand His origin because Krishna is the primordial source from which everything originates, and He stands above all others.

10-3

He who knows Me as unborn, as beginningless, as the Supreme Lord of all worlds, he alone among men, free from delusion, is liberated from all sins.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains that he who understands the Divine nature and knows that Krishna is eternal, without beginning, and the Lord of all the worlds, is freed from all sins. This knowledge helps a person transcend delusions and achieve spiritual freedom. • He who knows that I am unborn and without beginning – He who realizes that Krishna is unborn and without beginning understands that He is eternal and not bound by the cycle of the material world. He exists beyond time and space. • I am the Supreme Lord of all worlds – Krishna indicates that He is the Supreme Lord of all worlds, meaning He is the ultimate ruler and all-powerful. He governs all the worlds and all beings. • He who is free from delusions – A person who is aware of Krishna's eternal and infinite nature is free from delusions and does not get lost in the material world. His mind is clear and focused on spiritual truth. • Is liberated from all sins – When a person reaches this consciousness, he is liberated from all sins. Knowledge of the Divine nature and truth provides spiritual liberation and purifies a person from past sins.

10-4

Intelligence, knowledge, freedom from doubt and delusion, forgiveness, truthfulness, self-control, peace, happiness, suffering, birth, death, fear, fearlessness.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna lists the qualities and phenomena that arise from Him, indicating His comprehensive influence on human life and experience. These qualities include both mental abilities, emotional states, and events in the life cycle, and all these qualities and events are created by Krishna. • Intelligence – Reason, the ability to make correct decisions and understand things logically. • Knowledge – Spiritual knowledge and understanding of the Divine. • State of being without delusion – Clarity, freedom from delusions and ignorance. • Forgiveness – Endurance and the ability to forgive, regardless of circumstances. • Truthfulness – Truth in both words and deeds. • Self-control – The ability to control external senses and instincts. • Peace – Inner peace and harmony. • Happiness – Joy and positive emotions that arise from spiritual harmony. • Suffering – Pain and suffering that are part of the human experience. • Birth – The beginning of birth and existence. • Death – The end of life, the transition from this life. • Fear – Fear of danger or future uncertainty. • Fearlessness – A sense of security and freedom from fear.

10-5

Non-violence, equanimity, contentment, austerity, generosity, fame, and infamy – all these diverse qualities of living beings are created solely by Me.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to list the qualities that arise from Him, emphasizing that all the characteristics and states of human nature are created by Him. These qualities are neutral, they are created by Krishna, and they gain value depending on how a person applies them in their life. • Non-violence – The ability to live life without causing harm or violence to others. It is an important spiritual quality. • Equanimity – The ability to maintain balance and a neutral attitude towards joy and sorrow, respect and disrespect. • Contentment – Inner satisfaction and joy that comes from inner peace, regardless of external circumstances. • Asceticism – Self-control and discipline that a person practices to achieve spiritual development. • Giving – The ability to share and help others with selfless charity. • Fame – Fame or recognition that a person receives from society. • Infamy – Shame that arises from the dissatisfaction or condemnation of others.

10-6

The seven great sages and before them the four other great sages, and Manu, from whom all the living beings of the world have originated, are born from Me, created from My mind.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains that the seven great sages and the four creators of the world are born from Him and act as creators and leaders from whom all living creation in this world has come. These sages and world creators have come from Krishna's mind. Krishna is the source of all beings, and these great sages and world creators are the instruments through which Divine creation continues. • Seven great sages – Primordial beings who represent wisdom and the power of creation. They are known as the lords of creation who bring order and harmony to the world. • Four creators of the world – Cosmic creators and leaders who represent different periods of time and govern the development of humanity in each era. They are responsible for maintaining the world and establishing order. • All born from Me – Both the great sages and the creators of the world are created from Krishna's mind, which means they are directly connected to the Divine and act in the fulfillment of His will. • From whom all the beings of this world come – These great sages and world creators are the source of all living beings, and from them come all creations and living beings that exist in this world.

10-7

He who truly understands My greatness and the power of spiritual discipline undoubtedly unites with Me through unwavering spiritual discipline.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna emphasizes that a person who truly understands His greatness and the power of spiritual discipline can achieve unwavering unity with God. This verse explains that God's manifestations and spiritual discipline are the foundation that leads to spiritual growth and complete unity with the Divine.

10-8

I am the source of all spiritual and material worlds. Everything comes from Me. The wise who fully know this worship Me with love and devotion.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna reveals His Divine nature as the source and fundamental principle of all things. The wise who fully know this serve and worship Him with love and devotion. He indicates that all that exists comes from Him, and the wise, recognizing this truth, dedicate themselves and worship Him with love and deep devotion.

10-9

The thoughts of My pure devotees dwell in Me, their lives are completely devoted to Me, and by enlightening one another and constantly conversing about Me, they find satisfaction and bliss.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna describes the state of Divine love and devotion in which those who are completely dedicated to God live. These devotees mutually discuss Krishna's greatness and constantly remember Him, finding satisfaction and joy through this spiritual unity.

10-10

To those who are always devoted to Me and worship Me with love, I give the understanding by which they can come to Me.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains that to those who constantly worship Him with love, He gives spiritual intelligence that leads to the highest truth. Krishna gives understanding that helps a person come to Him. Those who are constantly united with God and serve Him with love receive internal guidance and spiritual understanding from Him, which helps to achieve unity with the Divine.

10-11

To show them special mercy, I, dwelling in their hearts, destroy the darkness born of ignorance with the bright light of knowledge.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains how He helps those who are devoted to Him, and He does so out of special mercy. Through His compassion, He destroys a person's ignorance and spiritual darkness, illuminating their minds and hearts with the light of knowledge that comes from Divine wisdom. Krishna, through knowledge, destroys this spiritual darkness and helps a person understand the Divine truth. Krishna indicates that He resides in the heart of man, directly in the center of his being, as an inner guide and illuminator. He works from within to guide and free man from ignorance.

10-12

Arjuna said: You are the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the supreme abode, the purest, the Absolute Truth. You are the original, transcendental, and unborn person, the greatest.

Explanation: In this verse, Arjuna expresses his appreciation and admiration for Krishna's divine nature. Arjuna recognizes Krishna as the greatest of all beings, as confirmed by all the great sages. He acknowledges Krishna as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the supreme abode, the purest, and the Absolute Truth. Arjuna affirms that Krishna is the original, transcendental, and unborn person, who is the greatest.

10-13

All the great sages, such as Nārada, Asita, Devala, and Vyāsa, confirm this truth about You, and now You Yourself are revealing it to me.

Explanation: Arjuna points out that not only does he acknowledge Krishna's divine nature, but it has also been confirmed by all the great sages, such as Nārada, Asita, Devala, and Vyāsa. He emphasizes that Krishna Himself has now revealed this truth to Arjuna. This shows that Arjuna fully accepts Krishna's words and recognizes His divine authority.

10-14

O Krishna, I fully accept as truth all that You have told me. Neither the demigods nor the demons, O Lord, are able to comprehend Your personality.

Explanation: In this verse, Arjuna expresses his complete faith in what he hears from Krishna. He accepts Krishna's words as absolute truth and understands that no one—not even the gods and demons—can fully comprehend God's nature and manifestation. Arjuna addresses Krishna as Keśava and Bhagavān, acknowledging His superiority over all gods and demons, who are unable to comprehend His divine manifestation.

10-15

Indeed, You alone know Yourself by Your own internal potency, O Supreme Person, origin of all beings, Lord of all beings, God of gods, Lord of the universe!

Explanation: Arjuna continues to praise Krishna, pointing out that only Krishna Himself fully understands His Divine nature with the help of His internal power. He is not only the creator of the universe, but also the ruler of all beings, the God of gods, and the Lord of the universe. This verse emphasizes Krishna's immeasurable power and supreme position in all existence.

10-16

Please tell me in detail of Your divine potencies by which You pervade all these worlds.

Explanation: In this verse, Arjuna asks Krishna to explain His Divine manifestations and power through which He is present and sustains the entire cosmos. Arjuna wants to understand how Krishna pervades all the worlds with His energies and asks Him to explain it in detail.

10-17

O Krishna, O supreme mystic, how should I constantly think of You, and how should I know You? O Supreme Personality of Godhead, in what various forms are You to be remembered?

Explanation: Arjuna asks Krishna to explain how he could constantly comprehend His divine nature and in what forms he should contemplate Krishna. Arjuna wants to know how to constantly think of Krishna and how to know Him, how to realize God in his daily life, and what manifestations or forms would help him contemplate and understand Krishna. Arjuna addresses Krishna as the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the supreme mystic, acknowledging His Divine nature and asking for guidance on how to constantly contemplate Him and understand Him in everyday life.

10-18

O Janārdana, again please describe in detail Your mighty power and glories, for I am never satiated in hearing about You; the more I hear, the more I want to relish the nectar of Your words.

Explanation: In this verse, Arjuna expresses his desire to hear more about Krishna's spiritual discipline and His Divine manifestations. Arjuna is so captivated by Krishna's teachings that he wants to continue listening, and he compares Krishna's words to the Divine nectar that gives immortality.

10-19

The Supreme Lord said: Yes, I will tell you of My splendid manifestations, but only of those which are prominent, O Arjuna, for My opulence has no end.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna agrees to Arjuna's request and begins to explain His Divine manifestations, but he emphasizes that there is no limit to the diversity of these manifestations. He will only tell about His main manifestations, because His power has no limits. Krishna can manifest in all possible forms and manifestations, but he outlines only the main ones so that Arjuna can better understand His power. Krishna addresses Arjuna as the best of the Kurus, pointing to his excellence among the Kuru dynasty, and agrees to explain the main divine manifestations so that he can gain a deeper understanding of God's power.

10-20

I am the soul, O Gudākēsha (Arjuna), situated in the hearts of all beings. I am the beginning, the middle, and also the end of all beings.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains his presence in all living beings and aspects of creation. He indicates that He is the soul that resides in the hearts of all, and that He is the beginning, middle, and end of all beings, not just living ones. Krishna expresses his universal presence, which sustains and guides all of creation from beginning to end. • I am the soul situated in the hearts of all beings – Krishna explains that He is the soul located in the hearts of all beings. This means that He is the inner guide and source of consciousness for every living entity. • I am the beginning, the middle, and also the end of all beings – Krishna indicates that He is not only the source of life (beginning), but also the guide of its existence (middle) and the final point (end). He is the complete master of the cycle of creation, encompassing all stages of existence. Krishna addresses Arjuna as Gudākēsha, which means one who has conquered sleep, indicating Arjuna's self-control and spiritual discipline.

10-21

Among the Adityas I am Vishnu, among luminaries the radiant sun, among the Maruts I am Marici, and among the stars I am the moon.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains the manifestations of his divinity in nature and the cosmos, showing that He is the principal essence of all things. Among the winds, He is the lord of the winds. He identifies himself with the brightest and most powerful elements in nature and the Universe, emphasizing his supreme nature and presence in all aspects of existence. • The maintainer among the Divine – Among all Divine beings, He is the maintainer, representing the sustenance and order of the Universe. • I am the radiant sun among the luminaries – The sun is the brightest celestial luminary, and Krishna indicates that He is the one who symbolizes light and energy that sustains life. • I am the lord of the winds among the winds – The lord of the winds, representing the force of nature. Krishna indicates that He is the strongest wind, representing the force of nature. • I am the moon among the stars – The moon is the brightest and most beautiful manifestation of a celestial body in the night sky. Krishna chooses it as his manifestation among the stars because the moon brings light into darkness.

10-22

Among the Vedas I am the Sama Veda; among the gods I am Indra, the king of heaven; among the senses I am the mind; and in the living beings I am the life force (consciousness).

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to explain his principal manifestations in various realms of life and the cosmos. Among the senses, He is the mind, and among living beings, He is consciousness or the life force. He identifies himself with the most important Veda, the King of Heaven, the mind, and consciousness, which indicates his power and presence in various aspects of existence and life. • Among the Vedas I am the Sama Veda – Among the four Vedas, the Sama Veda is considered the most important because it focuses on musical recitation and contemplation. Krishna chooses it as his manifestation because the Sama Veda is associated with spiritual sound and harmony. • Among the Gods I am Indra, the king of heaven – The king of heaven, who controls the heavenly forces and is a powerful protector. Krishna identifies himself with the King of Heaven to indicate his role as ruler over all creation. • Among the senses I am the mind – The mind is considered the most important among the senses because it coordinates and directs all the other senses. Krishna indicates that He is the mind, which provides the ability to think, understand, and form consciousness. • Among living beings I am consciousness – Consciousness is the essence of life that gives living beings the ability to be aware and exist. Krishna explains that He is the consciousness that is present in all living beings, providing the life force.

10-23

Of all the Rudras I am Lord Shiva, and of the custodians of wealth I am Kubera, among the Vasus I am Agni [fire], and among mountains I am Mount Meru.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to describe the manifestations of his Divinity, identifying himself with the most powerful beings and forces in various realms of life and nature. Among the storms, He is Shiva, among the guardians of wealth He is Kubera, and among the fire gods He is fire, and among the mountains He is Mount Meru. He chooses Shiva, Kubera, Agni, and Mount Meru as symbols of his might and divine power. • Among the Rudras I am Lord Shiva – The Rudras are deities associated with destruction and transformation, they are manifestations of Shiva. • Among the custodians of wealth I am the god of wealth – The custodian of wealth is the god of wealth and prosperity. Krishna identifies himself with the custodian of wealth to indicate his ability to bestow abundance and material well-being. • Among the Vasus I am Agni [fire] – The god of fire represents the element of fire, which is associated with purification and energy. Krishna indicates that He is fire, which is an essential element in all life forms. • Among mountains I am Mount Meru – Mount Meru is the highest and most powerful mountain in Hindu cosmology, symbolizing the center of the Universe and stability. Krishna identifies himself with Meru to indicate his eternal might and enduring power.

10-24

Of priests, O Arjuna, know Me to be the chief, Brihaspati, the advisor of the gods. Of generals I am Skanda, the leader of the armies of the gods, and of bodies of water I am the ocean.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to explain the manifestations of his Divinity in various spheres of life, showing that He is present in the most powerful and influential forces of nature and society. Of generals, He is the leader of the armies of the gods, and of bodies of water, He is the ocean. • Among priests I am the chief priest – the leader of the clergy, the advisor of the gods, is the priest of the gods, known for his wisdom and guidance. Krishna identifies himself with the chief priest, indicating his spiritual leadership and supreme authority. • Among generals I am the leader of the armies of the gods – the leader of the armies of the gods, symbolizing strength and leadership in battle. Krishna indicates that He is the chief military commander who leads with wisdom and strength. • Among bodies of water I am the ocean – The ocean is the largest body of water, symbolizing immeasurable power and depth. Krishna chooses the ocean to express his immeasurable nature and infinite presence.

10-25

Among the great sages I am Bhrigu; among words I am the transcendental sound, om. Of sacrifices I am the chanting of the holy names [japa], and among immovable things I am the Himalayas.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to explain the manifestations of his divinity in various areas of life, emphasizing his principal forms and powers. Among the great sages, He is the great sage, among words, He is the transcendental sound, among sacrifices, He is the chanting of the holy names, and among immovable things, He is the Himalayas. • Among the great sages I am Bhrigu – Bhrigu is one of the seven great sages who symbolizes wisdom and holiness. Krishna chooses Bhrigu as his manifestation among the great sages to indicate his spiritual authority. • Among words I am the transcendental sound, om – the transcendental sound is the holiest sound and the essence of sound of the Universe. It symbolizes God's presence in all aspects of existence. Krishna indicates that He is this all-encompassing sound. • Of sacrifices I am the chanting of the holy names [japa] – The chanting of the holy names is one of the holiest forms of sacrifice that takes place through inner silence and concentration of the soul. Krishna indicates that this form is one of the highest sacrifices. • Among immovable things I am the Himalayas – The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world, symbolizing eternity, strength, and stability. Krishna chooses the Himalayas as his manifestation among immovable objects, indicating his enduring might.

10-26

Among all trees I am the banyan tree, and of the celestial sages I am Narada. Of the Gandharvas I am Citraratha, and among perfected beings I am the sage Kapila.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to explain his Divine manifestations in nature, among the wise, musicians, and accomplished souls, to show his all-encompassing nature and presence in the diverse aspects of existence. Among all trees, He is the banyan tree, and among the celestial sages, He is Narada. Of the Gandharvas, He is Citraratha, and among perfected beings, He is the sage Kapila. • Among all trees I am the banyan tree – the banyan (fig tree) is known as a sacred tree in Hinduism, symbolizing immortality, spirituality, and knowledge. Krishna chooses this tree to express his strength and stability among all trees. • Of the celestial sages I am Narada – Narada is the Divine sage who is known as the messenger of the Gods and a source of spiritual wisdom. Krishna indicates that He is the chief among the Divine sages who transmits wisdom and Divine messages. • Of the Gandharvas I am Citraratha – Citraratha is the leader of the Gandharvas, known for his talent in music and art. Krishna identifies himself with the leader of the Gandharvas to emphasize the power of creativity and art. • Among perfected beings I am the sage Kapila – Among perfected beings, Krishna identifies himself with the sage Kapila, who has achieved perfection in serving Him.

10-27

Among horses, know Me to be Uchchaihshrava, produced during the churning of the ocean of nectar; among lordly elephants I am Airavata, and among men I am the monarch.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to reveal his manifestations in nature and society, identifying himself with the most prominent representatives of animals and humans, as well as what was born from the nectar of the gods. Among horses, He is the white horse that arose from the churning of the ocean of milk, among lordly elephants, He is the celestial elephant, and among men, He is the monarch. • Among horses, know Me to be Uchchaihshrava – The white horse is a celestial horse that arose from the churning of the ocean of milk. He is considered the brightest and most powerful horse, and Krishna identifies himself with this supreme horse to express his strength and grandeur among horses. • Among lordly elephants I am Airavata – The celestial elephant is the king of elephants, the elephant of God Indra, symbolizing strength, grandeur, and sublimity. Krishna indicates that He is the chief among elephants. • Among men I am the monarch – Krishna indicates that among men He is the king, which symbolizes governance, the ability to lead, responsibility, and justice.

10-28

Of weapons I am the thunderbolt; among cows I am the surabhi. Of causes for procreation I am Kandarpa [Cupid], and among serpents I am Vasuki.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna expresses the manifestations of his Divinity among weapons, animals, the forces of creation, and snakes. Of weapons, He is the thunderbolt, among cows, He is Surabhi, of causes for procreation, He is Cupid, and among serpents, He is Vasuki. He identifies himself with the most powerful or prominent forms in each category, symbolizing strength, creation, and protection. • Of weapons I am the thunderbolt – The thunderbolt is the weapon of Indra, symbolizing invincibility and power. Krishna chooses the thunderbolt to express his unsurpassed power and protection. • Among cows I am the surabhi – Surabhi is the wish-fulfilling cow, symbolizing abundance, prosperity, and divine blessings. Krishna identifies himself with this sacred cow to indicate his ability to bestow abundance and blessings. • Of causes for procreation I am Kandarpa [Cupid] – The god of love, who symbolizes creation, attraction, and creative energy. Krishna identifies himself with this force of creation to show his ability to create life and foster love. • Among serpents I am Vasuki – Vasuki, who is considered a powerful and magnificent creation. Krishna identifies himself with the king of serpents to express his strength and power even among the most powerful creatures.

10-29

Among the Nagas I am Ananta; among the aquatics I am Varuna. Among the departed ancestors I am Aryama, and among the administrators of law I am Yama.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to explain the manifestations of his Divinity, identifying himself with the most important forces and beings in various spheres of existence. Among the many-headed snakes, He is the infinite serpent, and among aquatic beings, He is the deity of the waters. Among ancestors, He is the revered ancestor, and among lawmakers, He is the god of death. He reveals his might among the Nagas, the Deities of the waters, the ancestors, and those who govern justice and discipline. • Among the Nagas I am Ananta – Ananta, the infinite serpent, symbolizing eternity and supporting the Universe. Krishna identifies himself with the infinite serpent to emphasize his eternal and infinite nature. • Among the aquatics I am Varuna – Varuna is the God of water and the ruler of natural forces, representing the natural order and the flow of water. Krishna indicates that He is the main force controlling the power of water and the ocean. • Among the departed ancestors I am Aryama – Aryama is the god of ancestors, symbolizing the honoring of ancestors and the maintenance of lineage. Krishna identifies himself with the revered ancestor to emphasize his presence in ancestral veneration and family roots. • Among the administrators of law I am Yama – Yama is the God of death and justice, who governs the discipline of life and justice after death. Krishna indicates that He is the god of death, symbolizing justice, discipline, and the maintenance of the order of life.

10-30

Among the descendants of the demons I am the holy one, among the reckoners of time I am Time, among the beasts I am the king of beasts, and among the birds I am the divine bird.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to reveal the manifestations of his Divinity, associating himself with great beings and symbols in various fields – from the demon world to animals and the dimension of time. Among the descendants of the demon clan, He is the holy one, among the reckoners of heavenly time, He is time, among the beasts, He is the king of beasts, and among the birds, He is the divine bird. • Among the descendants of the demon clan I am the holy one – Among the descendants of the demon clan there is the holy one, who was a representative of the demon clan, but he always maintained his devotion to God. Krishna identifies himself with the holy one to show that even among the forces of darkness there are those who are examples of Divine devotion. • Among the reckoners of heavenly time I am Time – Time is one of the most powerful and inevitable forces in the Universe. Krishna indicates that he is the essence of time, which regulates all existence and transformation. • Among the beasts I am the king of beasts – The king of beasts symbolizes might, power, and nobility. Krishna identifies himself with this animal to show his leading power and supreme position among the animal world. • Among the birds I am the divine bird. – The divine bird is the king of birds and the carrier of Vishnu, symbolizing power and spirituality.

10-31

Among purifiers I am the wind, among wielders of weapons I am Rama, among the fish I am the shark, and among the flowing rivers I am the Ganges.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains his manifestations among the forces of nature, warriors, sea creatures, and rivers to emphasize his presence in all aspects of life and power. Among the purifiers, He is the wind, among the wielders of weapons, He is Rama, among the fish, He is the shark, and among the flowing rivers, He is the Ganges. • Among those who purify, I am the wind – Wind is a symbol of movement and energy that drives the world. Krishna identifies himself with the wind to show that He is the force that drives movement and the energy of life. • Among the warriors I am Rama – Rama is one of the holiest warrior heroes in Hindu mythology, symbolizing righteousness, strength, and courage. Krishna indicates that he is the model of righteousness and strength among all warriors. • Among the fish I am the shark – The shark is one of the most powerful sea creatures. Krishna identifies himself with this power to emphasize his dominion over the oceans and aquatic life. • Among the rivers I am the Ganges River – The Ganges River is the holiest river in India and is considered a symbol of divine purity and liberation. Krishna identifies himself with the Ganges River to emphasize his ability to provide purity and spiritual liberation.

10-32

Of all created beings, O Arjuna, I am the beginning, the end, and also the middle. Of all sciences I am the spiritual science of the soul, and for logicians I am the ultimate conclusion.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna expresses his presence and guiding power in various aspects of existence, stating that He is the beginning, middle, and end of all creation, as well as the voice of spiritual science and truth among all knowledge and discussions. Of all sciences, He is the spiritual science of the soul, and for logicians, He is the ultimate conclusion. • Among creations, I am the beginning, middle, and end – Krishna indicates that He is the beginning of creation, which means that all creation flows from Him. He is also the middle of creation, which sustains existence, and the end, which means the destruction of all creation and return to Him. Krishna is the ruler of the universal cycle. • Among knowledge I am spiritual science – Spiritual sciences are the holiest and most important of all forms of knowledge, as they help man understand himself, God, and the nature of the world. Krishna indicates that spiritual sciences are the highest form of knowledge. • Among those skilled in logic, I am the true word – Krishna explains that He is the voice of truth and the true dialogue among those who engage in discussions and debates. Truth is what emerges from all discussions, and Krishna is its source.

10-33

Of letters I am the letter A, and among compound words I am the copulative compound. I am also the inexhaustible time, and among creators I am the one whose faces are turned in all directions.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains his presence and power in the spheres of language, time, and the maintenance of the world, emphasizing his role of divinity in all existence. Of letters, He is the letter A, and among compound words, He is the copulative compound. He is also the inexhaustible time, and among creators, He is the one whose faces are turned in all directions. • Among letters I am the letter A – 'A' (अ) is the first letter of the Sanskrit alphabet, which is considered the holiest and most important sound because it is the source of sound. It symbolizes the beginning of everything and creation, and Krishna indicates that He is this fundamental sound. • Among compound words I am the copulative compound – The copulative compound is one of the most important types of compound words in Sanskrit, where two words are joined as equals. It symbolizes harmony and unity. Krishna indicates that He is the unity between dualities and connections. • I am inexhaustible time – Time is eternal and impermanent, it always flows and cannot be stopped. Krishna indicates that He is the essence of time that regulates and maintains the cycle of all life and existence. • I am the one whose faces are turned in all directions – This attribute of divinity indicates that He sees all and knows all.

10-34

I am all-devouring death, and I am the origin of all that is to come. Among women I am glory, fortune, eloquence, memory, intelligence, constancy, and patience.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains his presence and power both as a destroyer and as a creator. Among women, He is glory, fortune, eloquence, memory, intelligence, constancy, and patience. He also reveals his manifestations among various valuable qualities associated with the feminine principle. • I am all-devouring death – Death is an inevitable aspect of life that ends everything, and Krishna indicates that He is the one who destroys everything to create new life and transformation. • And I am the origin of all that is to come – Krishna is also the one who creates the future, He is the source of everything that will happen in the future. He is the creation and origin that leads to new events. • Among women I am glory, fortune, eloquence, memory, intelligence, constancy, and patience – Krishna indicates that among women (who are traditionally attributed these qualities) He is these great qualities: • Glory – honor and recognition for achievements. • Fortune – prosperity and abundance. • Eloquence – the ability to speak and the power of expression. • Memory – the ability to remember and wisdom from the past. • Intelligence – sharpness of mind and wisdom. • Constancy – loyalty and stability in one's principles. • Patience – the ability to endure difficulties and maintain peace.

10-35

Among the hymns I am the great hymn dedicated to the lord of the heavens, and among prayers I am the recitation of prayers. Among the months I am the first, and among the seasons I am the blossoming spring.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna continues to explain his divine manifestations, identifying himself with the most outstanding things in various categories. Among the hymns, He is the great hymn dedicated to the lord of the heavens, and among prayers, He is the recitation of prayers. Among the months, He is the first, and among the seasons, He is the blossoming spring. He indicates that he is the greatest hymn, the holiest mantra, the most significant month, and the most beautiful season. • Among the hymns I am the great hymn – The great hymn is one of the holiest hymns dedicated to the lord of the heavens. Krishna indicates that He is this supreme hymn. • Among prayers I am the recitation of prayers – The recitation of prayers is particularly important in spiritual practice as it helps to concentrate the mind and connect with the Divine. Krishna indicates that He is the recitation of prayers, which is the most important form of prayer. • Among the months I am the first – Among all the months, Krishna identifies himself with the first month, which symbolizes the beginning of a new cycle, renewal, and fertility. • Among the seasons I am the blossoming spring – Spring is the season when nature is reborn, everything blooms and flourishes. Krishna identifies himself with spring to indicate his ability to renew, create, and revive everything.

10-36

Among deceits I am gambling. I am the splendor in all that shines. I am victory, I am adventure, and I am the strength of the strong.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains his presence in various actions, power, and virtue, indicating that He is the ultimate source of all these qualities, regardless of their nature. Among deceits, He is gambling, He is the splendor in all that shines, He is victory, He is adventure, and He is the strength of the strong. • Among the deceitful I am the game – Krishna indicates that even in deceitful games, such as gambling, He is the essence of the game. This means that He is present even in strategy and cunning, although they can be used in different ways. • Among the strong I am strength – Krishna identifies himself with the strength that manifests in all strong people, indicating that He is the source of energy. • I am victory – Victory is the main goal in many human endeavors. Krishna indicates that He is victory and that every moment of victory is related to the manifestation of his divinity. • I am endeavor – Endeavor or determination is an essential element for achieving any goal. Krishna indicates that He is also the determination that helps people achieve their goals. • I am virtue among the virtuous – This quality denotes goodness, purity, and virtue. Krishna indicates that He is the source of virtue for those who live a virtuous life, and He is the bearer of light and morality.

10-37

Among the descendants of the Vrishnis I am Vasudeva, and among the Pandavas I am Arjuna. Among the wise I am Vyasa, and among the great thinkers I am Ushana.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna explains his presence and greatness, identifying himself with key figures in various lineage lines, among the wise and poets. Among the descendants of the Vrishni dynasty, He is Vasudeva, and among the Pandavas, He is Arjuna. Among the wise, He is Vyasa, and among the great thinkers, He is Ushana. He indicates that He is the highest manifestation in all these areas. • Among the Vrishni dynasty I am Vasudeva – The Vrishni dynasty is Krishna's lineage, and He himself is Vasudeva, which indicates his supreme role in this lineage. Vasudeva is another name for Krishna, symbolizing his divine nature. • Among the Pandavas I am Arjuna – Arjuna is one of the Pandava brothers, symbolizing righteousness and heroism. Krishna indicates that among the Pandavas, Arjuna is the one who represents His power and closeness, as Arjuna was his most trusted friend and disciple. • Among the wise I am Vyasa – Vyasa is the legendary author of the Mahabharata and other sacred texts. Krishna identifies himself with Vyasa, indicating his wisdom and education, which is the source of divine knowledge. • Among the great thinkers I am Ushana – Ushana, otherwise known as Shukra, is a great thinker and sage who was famous for his creativity and knowledge. Krishna identifies himself with the great thinker, which symbolizes His presence in creative expression and art.

10-38

Among all means of suppression I am punishment, and for those seeking victory I am morality. Of secrets I am silence, and I am the wisdom of the wise.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna emphasizes his manifestations in discipline, righteousness, silence, and knowledge, emphasizing his presence as the source of the highest values and skills. Among all means of suppression, He is punishment, and for those seeking victory, He is morality. Of secrets, He is silence, and He is the wisdom of the wise. • Among all means of suppression I am punishment – Punishment or discipline is an important element that maintains order and justice. Krishna identifies himself with punishment, indicating that He is the one who ensures justice and order through the power of governance. • Among those seeking victory, I am morality – Righteousness or ethics is an important principle for those who strive for victory and success. Krishna indicates that He is the righteousness that guides those who want to achieve honest victories. • Among secrets I am silence – Silence is one of the greatest secrets, as it symbolizes inner peace, depth, and wisdom. Krishna indicates that He is the silence that reveals the deepest wisdom and mystery. • Among the wise I am wisdom – Wisdom is the highest goal that a wise person can attain. Krishna indicates that He is the essence of wisdom, and all who seek wisdom are actually seeking His presence.

10-39

Furthermore, O Arjuna, I am the seed of the creation of all that exists. There is no being – moving or unmoving – that could exist without Me.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna expresses his fundamental role in the process of creation, stating that He is the source of all that is living and existing. There is no being – moving or unmoving – that could exist without Him. Krishna affirms that nothing can exist without his presence and support.

10-40

O mighty conqueror of enemies, there is no end to My divine manifestations. What I have explained to you is but a small indication of My infinite power.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna points to his unlimited and infinite power and the diversity of his manifestations. What He has explained to Arjuna is just a small indication of His infinite power. He reveals that all the aforementioned manifestations are only a small part of His divine greatness, and in reality, His power and manifestations are boundless. Parantapa is a title for Arjuna, meaning one who subdues enemies. Krishna uses this address to point out Arjuna's courage and strength.

10-41

Know that all mighty, beautiful, and glorious manifestations arise solely from a spark of My magnificence.

Explanation: This verse teaches that everything powerful, mighty, and great in the world is related to the Divine presence. All these manifestations arise solely from a spark of Divine magnificence. Man should realize that all the good qualities and riches that are around us are just a small reflection of the Divine power that reigns over everything.

10-42

But what need is there, Arjuna, for all this detailed knowledge? With but a fraction of Myself, I pervade and support this entire Universe.

Explanation: In this verse, Krishna concludes his account of the vastness of his divine manifestations, indicating that it is not necessary to fully understand all aspects or manifestations. With but a fraction of Himself, He pervades and supports this entire Universe. It is enough to realize that He sustains the entire Universe with only a small portion of His power and majesty.